Quality Education As A Factor Of Organizational Growth Education Essay

Quality instruction is one of the major factors that contribute the fiscal impacts on the organisation. It besides has positive societal impacts on the organisational growing every bit good as the social improvement. It is normally supposed that formal schooling s one of some of import subscribers to the accomplishments of an person and to human capital. It is non the lone facet. Parents, single abilities and friends without uncertainty contribute. Schools however have a peculiar topographic point, non merely because instruction and ‘skill creative activity ‘ are among their chief explicit aims, but besides because they are the factor most non-stop affected by public policies. It is good established that the distribution of personal incomes in society is strongly related to the sum of instruction people have had. Normally talking more schooling means higher life-time incomes. These results come out over the long term. It is non people ‘s income while in school that is affected, nor their income in their first occupation, but their income over the class of their on the job life. Therefore, any seeable effects of the present quality of schooling on the distribution of accomplishments and income will go clear some old ages in the hereafter, when those now in school become a of import portion of the labour force. Quality Education has become an issue of importance as the landscape of instruction has been confronting uninterrupted alterations: increased international competition, increasing community and geographical diverseness of the pupil organic structure. Therefore the quality instruction is besides straight linked with the academic and fiscal growing of the organisation, here in this research scope the same standard of correlativity between the standard quality instruction and organisational growing will be tested.Chapter 1Problem & A ; Its BackgroundIntroductionA high-quality instruction provides kids and immature grownup ‘s contact to the chances that we all desire for our kids. Yet supplying a quality instruction for all young person is a alarming challenge. About every state in Asia has identified educating instruction quality as one of its highest national precedence. In malice of development in reacting to the demand for increased school entree, developing more efficient national planning and policy mechanisms, and implementing immense preparation plans for instructors and decision makers, letdown persists with the potency of instruction systems to back up national economic and societal aspirations. To some extent, plans and policies naming for higher-quality schooling now supplement or even change earlier thought to such precedences as instruction development and school entree. It would look that consent is organizing that instant attending of policymakers and involved international bureaus should be focused on planing and implementing policies, plans, and actions to acquire better instruction quality. Translating the turning consensus into executable policies is a chief challenge. In all facets of the school and its environing instruction society, the rights of the whole kid, and all kids, to survival, safety, growing and engagement are at the Centre. This means that the focal point is on larning which strengthens the capacities of kids to move bit by bit on their ain behalf through the gaining of relevant cognition, utile accomplishments and suited attitudes ; and which creates for kids, and helps them make for themselves and others, topographic points of security, safety and healthy interface. Good organisation of capable affair and planning of the class are critical to student larning.Well-structured presentations, lecture-outlines, headers, subheading, and syllabi improve pupils ‘ acquisition experiences. In fact, outlines displacement cognition construction. This produces non merely the prospective in pupils but besides provides a positive growing to the institute. As globalisation continues, the national and international competition for the best pupils is likely to hike among higher instruction establishments, therefore merely reenforcing force per unit area for Quality Teaching and quality confidence. It is likely that planetary rankings based on the quality of instruction will be set Forth, therefore reenforcing the personal appeal of quality enterprises. Furthermore, there are more and more pupils who study at different universities, profiting from chances like international scholarships. These pupils are likely to measure the quality of the instruction received at these diverse establishments. It is of import to mensurate the impact of the Quality Teaching enterprises in order to be able to acquire better these enterprises. However measuring the quality of one ‘s instruction remains tough. This complexness may in portion explain why the two most well-known international rankings rely to a great extent on research as a yardstick of the universities ‘ value and go forth aside learning quality. This may nevertheless transform in the hereafter, as the concern about learning quality and pupil acquisition are turning. The option of indexs to quantify learning quality is critical, because it has been shown that rating thrusts larning: How the instructor is judged will surely impact his or her teaching methods. Indexs to measure the instruction quality ( the value of alumnuss, satisfaction of instructors, keeping rates etc ) of an establishment proved of usage but carry a assortment of significances and can even take to misinterpretations. Research workers have the same sentiment that trusty indexs should be chosen, and non merely the most realistic 1s. Furthermore, infinite should ever be left for treatment of the figures obtained.1.2 Problem Statementâ€Å" Low quality instruction can do spoilage to the approaching coevals every bit good as can earnestly damage the hereafter of the educational establishment which is responsible to supply the educational material to the pupils, to how much extent quality instruction plays its function in this job is portion of this research. †Background InformationOrganizational BackgroundThe Lahore Grammar School was established in January 1979 at this campus. The nationalisation of educational establishments in 1972 had led to an dismaying diminution in the crite rions of direction and services being provided in most schools and colleges.A Intervention in the kingdom of instruction was hence, critical to collar this abysmal province of personal businesss. In 1978 the Government announced that it would welcome enterprises in the educational sector.A Talking benefit of this, a group of adult females from varied professional backgrounds, including instruction, and with the shared aim of lending in this field, decided to put up a misss ‘ school. A Today Lahore Grammar School provides instruction to both male childs and misss till A ‘ Level.A It has extended its web to equip to the demands of the in-between income group in its Landmark Schools.A The LGS College for adult females offers a grade programme in humanistic disciplines and scientific disciplines every bit good as unmarried mans in computers.A LGS has subdivisions in Islamabad, Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Wah Cantt and.A It offers choice instruction to the small income group through the Lahore Education Society School, wholly supported and funded by LGS. A The doctrine of this establishment is a comprehensive and tolerant one and one that appreciates diverseness and stresses the significance of sentiments based on rational and informed premises instead that on superstitious notion, sentiment and deficient apprehension of issues.A Emphasis is laid on the apprehension of constructs and making a civilization of thought in the classroom.A Education is seen as a wide and complex procedure of geting cognition and apprehension. A The school has taken several enterprises in the field of instruction including the publicity of the acting humanistic disciplines that the Board of Lahore Grammar School felt were being neglected at great cost to our cultural traditions and a healthier societal surroundings. A In add-on, the General Studies plan was devised to A do pupils more cognizant of modern-day issues, both national and universe broad, and their function non merely in developing an apprehension of these issues but motivating a desire to interpret that cognition into active committedness and take stairss, where possible, to convey about positive alteration in their ain environment. LGS Lahore was the first English medium school to originate the instruction of Punjabi. This is done at the in-between degree for a lower limit of two old ages so that pupils develop an esteem of their cultural roots and a satisfaction in the rich traditions of literature and music of this state. A For those to whom it may non be a first linguistic communication an debut to a new one is non merely utile, but educative. A A critical component of their plan, other than a wide scope of academic subjects is music, dance, mime argument, play, poesy recitation, there is community service where pupils are confident to portion their accomplishments and learn from the backbones and resiliency of those less fortunate than themselves.A The pupil organic structure of LGS 55-Main Gulberg has been raising money through bake gross revenues in school to give scholarships to pupils at the Pakistan Society for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled ( PSRD ) for the past 11 years.A They have besides been traveling to help kids who are being prepared for the Matric at this institute.AProblem BackgroundIn current competitory environment of instruction in Pakistan it has become a really important for each and every educational institute or organisation to step and set up a proper quality system instruction in order to crush its challengers. How it can be done is the inquiry for which this research seeks reply.1.4 Research Q uestions & A ; Research Objective1.4.1 Research Questions:Q1: What is choice instruction? Q2: How does the quality instruction aid for organisational growing? Q3: What are different impacts of criterion and quality instruction on the overall educational system of the state every bit good as society?1.4.2Research ObjectiveTo happen out how different quality factors improve the instruction system with in the establishment every bit good as state. To happen out the relationship between quality instruction and organisational growth.. To happen out relationship between learning methodological analysiss and pupil ‘s productive end product every bit good as the market repute of the several organisation.1.5 HypothesisH0: Providing quality instruction can non be a factor of organisational growing. H1: Organizational growing may depend on the factor of quality and standard educational system.1.6 Scope and Limitations of Study1.5.1 Scope of the research:The range of the research will be limited to individual organisation that is Lahore Grammar School, as being the employee of the organisation it will be easy to measure the quality processs and criterions being adopted within the organisation. Although the organisation consist of many subdivisions in the state but research will be conducted with the 200 figure of employee working in the caput office. 120 respondents will be taken as sample out of this population.1.6.2 Restrictions:Following restriction may besides be observed during the research process and methodological analysis adopted in aggregation of informations from the resources within the organisation: Researcher will be unable to near all the subdivisions of LGS. Bing a female and societal restraint, it will be hard to near physically each and every respondent of the research. As the population under survey is narrowed to 200 employees merely, therefore the graduated table of the survey is restricted. Inadequate clip may be a restraint to finish the research within a specific clip interval and research worker in this province may go through over some utile information. Limited cognition of the people may besides be a barrier for the research worker. Data will be collected by the research worker herself by agencies of questionnaire. Research worker may be biased to some extent on giving the concluding recommendations. The research worker will non be wholly comparing the criterions or quality instruction with international criterions but chief focal point will be choice criterions adopted in Pakistan. Merely a few factors of quality instruction will be taken for hypothesis attestation.1.7 Significance of ResearchThe research on the topic of quality instruction and its impact on the growing of organisation is really critical issue. The quality of instruction and preparation is considered in to be a concern of the highest political precedence. High degrees of consciousness, competences and accomplishments are considered to be the really indispensable conditions for lively citizenship, employment and societal integrity. Lifelong acquisition is an cardinal agencies of determining one ‘s hereafter on a professional and personal rank, and high-quality instruction is of import in the visible radiation of labour market policies, and the free motion of workers within the state. This research will be really fruitful for the betterment of the quality instruction within the organisation every bit good as for the other establishments besides. The absence of any precise survey on quality instruction is manifested by a general deficiency of literature. It would be necessary to transport out such surveies in Pakistan with a position of understanding teacher instruction because it may non be suited to reassign findings from other surveies conducted elsewhere and generalise the findings on the Pakistan instructor instruction section. Surveies that address issues of quality instruction must be conducted in scenes where less or no surveies have been conducted at all. This could assist develop the arguments and the principal of validated research findings in the country of teacher instruction. App. roaches that are at present powerful in analyzing persons ‘ professional acquisition such as action theory, should be used in order to derive from what these theories suggest to choice instruction. Importantly, qualitative enquiry and activity theory focal point on specific scenes of a professional acquisition activity under this research.1.8 Conceptual Framework of ResearchFactors of Quality EducationAcademic end product ratio of Institution Student Coaching system and methodological analysisProductive quality instructionImpact on Organizational / Institutional Growth Academic part at the community degree. Professional attitude of the instructors and direction Management subject The above conceptual frame of research is based upon some:Independent variables of research:Quality EducationDependent variables of research:Growth of organisation Organizational ProductivityTrial of Hypothesis:Both hypothesis i.e. H0 & A ; H1 will be tested after utilizing some statistical analysis of correlativity.Chapter 2Literature ReviewThe types of impacts examined in the research on the effects of educational quality on the organisational growing by and large fall into three wide classs. First, at the single degree there is a batch of research on how educational quality affects an organisational net incomes and a just sum on how educational quality affects an person ‘s physical and mental wellness. While we were asked to look at how educational quality affects the organisation, persons are members of the community, their households are members of the community, and their friends are members of the community. So if educational quality of an organisation improves an person ‘s economic wellbeing or physical and mental wellness, so that improves the community in which that person lives every bit good as the repute of the organisa tion to whom the single pupil has been associated with, taking it to the higher rate of growing ( Stephen J. Carroll, Ethan Scherer,2008 ) . Second, a figure of surveies look at the consequence of educational quality on facets of the Organizational growing. The four sorts of impacts most studied are organisational values, organisational repute, grosss, and competitory border. For illustration, surveies examine the association between educational quality in a school territory and the value of organisation in the country served by that school territory. Other surveies examine the relationship between educational quality in a school territory and grosss generated by that school. As these are the sorts of effects most straight related to the petition posed to us, we put most of our clip and effort into happening and reexamining surveies that examined the impacts of educational quality at this phase. Harmonizing to Feldman, ( 1989 ) and Murray, ( 1991 ) two qualities are highly linked with student achievement: expressiveness and, even more extensively, organisation. Good organisation of capable affair and planning of the class are of import to student acquisition ( Kallisson 1986 ) . Well-structured presentations, lecture-outlines, headers, subheading, and syllabi encouragement pupils ‘ acquisition experiences ( Feldman 1989, Murray 1991 ) . Indeed, lineations transfer cognition construction. They can function as an progress coordinator supplying pupils with lumping schemes ( Perry and Magnusson 1989, therefore lending to more efficient acquisition.Degree of instruction as Quality Standard:In these surveies, quality, as measured, for illustration, by the high school drop-out rate or the fraction of pupils who go on to college after high school, refers to the degree of instruction attained by the pupils served by the schools. Some of the literature suggests that the degree o f educational accomplishment is itself a secondary consequence of academic success. That is, if schools do a better occupation of learning their pupils, so the pupils are more likely to finish high school, more likely to travel on to college, and so forth. So these two steps are non wholly independent ; they are interrelated. ( ( Stephen J. Carroll, Ethan Scherer,2008 ) . Surveies look at these steps at two degrees. Some surveies focus on the person. What difference does it do if a pupil ‘s trial mark is higher or if the pupil completes high school instead than dropping out? In either instance, we are involved in whether the quality of an person ‘s instruction affects the organisational growing. Others look at school or territory norms. Here we are interested in whether the mean quality of the instruction provided by the school or the territory makes a difference to the Organization and community every bit good. ( Stephen J. Carroll, Ethan Scherer,2008 ) There is highly powerful cogent evidence that the quality of a school or a school territory, as measured by mean trial tonss, is positively associated with Institutional growing. Research workers hypothesize that pupils are willing to pay more to analyze in a school that is served higher quality instruction, and the community is willing to pay the more to the pupils holding quality instruction as measured by the mean public presentation of the pupils go toing that school. ( Black, 1999 ; Downes and Zabel, 2002 ) . Many schools, such as Oyster School in Washington, D.C. ( Freeman, 1994, 1998 ) and La Escuela Fratney in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ( Ahlgren, 1993 ) were specially established to conflict the societal and educational favoritism of minorities. Oyster, for illustration, which was started in 1971 as a grass-roots community attempt, was said to fight for linear bilingualism and to promote all of its pupils to see each other as peers ( Freeman, 1994, 1998 ) . This school demonstrate d its committedness to this ideal by promoting the growing of minority pupils ‘ native linguistic communication and civilization, utilizing a multicultural set of classs, measuring pupils with multiple, and frequently â€Å" alternate, † methods, and anticipating a value for diverseness within the community. Fratney ( Ahlgren, 1993 ) besides used a multicultural, anti-bias course of study, and incorporated subjects â€Å" emphasizing societal duty and action † ( pp. 28-29 ) where gaining to value others ‘ civilizations and linguistic communications was explicitly taught. At the schoolroom degree, instructors can besides slot in multicultural positions and authenticate the pupils ‘ background cognition and experiences. For illustration, one survey ( Arce, 2000 ) described a first class schoolroom where the instructor implemented a pupil entered course of study and aimed to let the pupils, construct a sense of community, and utilize the pupils ‘ life experiences in the instruction procedure. Through important contemplation, the instructor developed a schoolroom feeling, every bit good as peculiar activities, that focused on doing intending through interactions and important thought. Takahashi-Breines ‘s ( 2002 ) description of a 3rd class schoolroom instructor in a successful plan in New Mexico explained the same subjects. She besides illustrated how this New Mexican instructor farther improved her pupils ‘ acquisition environment through the connexions she made to their past cognition, during an environment that makes unfastened mention to conveying the values and outlooks of their place and community into the schoolroom, and by making a sense of acquaintance and coherence between herself and her pupils. In another illustration of a student-centered schoolroom, Buxton ( 1999a, 1999b ) reported the findings from the â€Å" Science Theater/Teatro de Ciencias † undertaking in a second/third grade bipartisan category in a little Western town, where scientific discipline was taught in both English and Spanish on blinking yearss. This instructional method non merely provided chances for pupils to see, analyze, and speak about scientific discipline constructs, but besides allowed them to convey scientific discipline to their personal lives and to society as a whole. The activities were related to pupils ‘ experiences and anterior cognition, and besides to issues that had societal deductions. Alternate appraisal methods, such as the usage of portfolios, allowed pupils to show both contented and lingual cognition, every bit good as their multi-linguistic consciousness during the usage of both linguistic communications. This authorising theoretical account increased the capacity o f minority pupils to associate to science and to pass on themselves in the â€Å" linguistic communication of scientific discipline, † therefore increasing their academic and organisational success every bit good. Another concern of importance as respects to Quality Education is that there may be different types of acquisition and instruction. Marton and Saljo ( 1976 ) found that pupils larning attacks are of two kinds: the â€Å" deep attack † which focuses on understanding the class affair and the â€Å" surface attack † which focuses on memorising the stuff itself. Furthermore, pupils ‘ attacks to analyze are influenced by the pupils ‘ construct of acquisition ( Van Rossum & A ; Schenk, 1984 ) . Sheepard and Gilbert ‘s ( 1991 ) found that pupils ‘ point of view about the composing of cognition in a subject were influenced by their lectors ‘ theories of instruction and by the pupils ‘ perceptual experience of the acquisition atmosphere. Teachers ‘ instruction methods are associated to their construct of what the nucleus of instruction is. Kember & A ; Kwan ( 2000 ) stress that professors have one type of learning attack, content-centred or learning-centred. Because of this attack, they execute different types of learning schemes. Differences lay in coaching, focal point, appraisal, adjustment for pupil features, beginning of acquaintance and cognition. Teachers who adopt a content-centred attack see learning chiefly as the conductivity of cognition. Those who have the learning-centred attack are more likely to see instruction as â€Å" larning facilitation † . The OECD ( 2006 ) has developed four possible scenarios for the mentality of quality instruction. These scenarios were constructed by taking into history two cardinal variables, the extent of globalisation ( local-global ) and the sum of influence of province authorities ( administration-market ) . The scenarios reference for case the dividing up between learning and research universities or the sweetening of engineering that might hold an indirect but inclusive impact on learning. Globalization and other planetary alterations make reforms necessary for universities worldwide. In 2006 in Athens, the Education Ministers of the OECD zone have identified six countries in which establishments and authoritiess should prosecute in serious reforms – to do higher instruction non merely â€Å" bigger † but besides â€Å" better † ( Giannakou, OECD, 2006 ) . These reforms be rational responses to alter in the countries of Funding, More indifferent instruction, Research and invention, Migration and internationalisation. The two other reforms which were deemed necessary concern learning quality. Indeed, the first reform suggested was to develop a â€Å" cagey focal point on what pupils learn † in universities. The second was to advance reforms that would increase inducements to do establishments more accountable for quality and results ( OECD,2006. )Chapter 3Methods and ProceduresMethodology of StudyIn order to reply the research inquiries mentioned in chapter 1, research workers will lucubrate here the different picks of methodological analysis that have been adopted in this research paper. The purpose of thesis is instead explorative as the research worker tends to explicate the Impact of Quality Education on the growing of the institutions.. The research worker will be to some extent descriptive because it is indispensable to hold a clear image about the subject on which researcher want to roll up informations. The research aim will be evidently controlled. Besides it is explorative because it will be analyzing a relationship between the variables of the research that is choice instruction and growing rate of the organisation. A quantitative ( based on study ) analysis will be conducted by utilizing questionnaire method.Research SamplingSurvey Instrument usedQuestionnaire to be used in the research is attached herewith ( see app. endix ) . Likert graduated table will be adopted to roll up and measure the information on this instrument to measure the relationship between the variables.Sampling TechniqueConvenient trying method will be used in this respects because of limited attack and range of the research.3.2.3 Sample Size & A ; PopulationThe sample size out of the 200 population is 120 employees taken as respondents ( sample ) .Data CollectionAs mentioned above the informations will be collected by utilizing the study instrument ( questionnaire ) , and from the bing researches available in published signifier by the old research workers. This primary informations will be analysed to explicate the research worker point of position on the topic of the research.Research ToolsThe tools that will be used in the research for the information analysis is SPSS package to cipher, Mean, Standard divergence, correlativity.Chapter 4Data Analysis and RepresentationDatas AnalysisIn his chapter information related to informations an alysis with proper account of processed informations in the SPSS, incorporating informations tabular arraies and graphical representation.Chapter 5Decision, Findings & A ; RecommendationsIn this subdivision concluding decisions of the survey, research worker ‘s ain findings out of the research and shutting recommendations will be mentioned. Mentions Aasen, P. & A ; Stensaker, B. ( 2007 ) , â€Å" Balancing trust and technocracy? : leading preparation in higher instruction † ; International Journal of Educational Management ; Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. . 331-83 Altbach, P. ( 2006 ) , † The Dilemmas of Ranking † . , the Boston College Center for International Higher Education, International Higher Education, Vol. 42. Astin, A. & A ; Chang, M.J. ( 1995 ) , â€Å" Colleges that stress research and instruction † , Change, Vol.27, No.5, pp. . 44-49 Barnett, R. ( 2003 ) , Beyond all ground: Life with Ideology in the University, SRHE/OUP, Buckingham Barrie, S.C & A ; Prosser, M. ( 2002 ) , â€Å" Aligning research on pupil larning with institutional policies and patterns on rating and quality confidence † , Paper presented at the 11th ISL Conference, Brussels, 4-6 Barrie, S.C. , Ginns, P. and Prosser M. ( 2005 ) , â€Å" Early impact and results of institutionally aligned, pupil focused larning position on learning quality confidence † , Assessment & A ; Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol.30, No.6, pp. . 641-656 Bass, R. ( 1998 ) , â€Å" The Scholarship of Teaching: What ‘s the Problem? † Inventio, Vol. 1, No.1 1998-1999 Bauer, M. & A ; Henkel, M ( 1997 ) , â€Å" Responses of Academe to Quality Reforms in Higher instruction: A Comparative Study of England and Sweden † , Tertiary Education and Management, Vol.3, No.3, pp. .211-228 Beatty, R.W. & A ; Ulrich, D.O. ( 1991 ) , â€Å" Re-energizing the Mature Organization † , Organizational Dynamics, Vol.20, pp. .16-30 Benowski, K. ( 1991 ) , â€Å" Restoring the pillars of higher instruction † , Quality Progress, October, pp. .37-42 Bergquist, W. ( 1992 ) , The Four civilizations of the Academy, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA Biggs, J. ( 2001 ) , â€Å" The brooding establishment: assuring and heightening the quality of instruction and acquisition † , Higher Education, Vol.41, No.3, pp. .221-238 Bingham, R & A ; Ottewill, R. ( 2001 ) , â€Å" Whatever happ. ened to peer reappraisal? Revitalizing the part of coachs to class rating † , Quality Assurance in Education, Vol.9, No.1, pp. .22-39 Feldman, K.A. ( 1976 ) , â€Å" Grades and college pupils ‘ ratings of their classs and instructors † , Research in Higher Education, Vol.4 Feldman, K.A. ( 1976b ) , â€Å" The superior college instructor from the pupils ‘ position † , Research in Higher Education, Vol.5, pp. .243-288 Feldman, K.A. ( 1989 ) , â€Å" The association between pupil evaluations of specific instructional dimensions and pupil accomplishment: Refining and widening the Synthesis of informations from multisection cogency surveies † , Research in Higher Education, Vol.30, pp. .583- 645 Frackmann, E. ( 1992 ) â€Å" The German experience † In Craft, A. ( erectile dysfunction ) , Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Proceedings of an International Conference, Hong Kong, 1991. London: The Falmer Press Giannakou, M. ( 2006 ) , Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs, Greece ; â€Å" Drumhead by the chair † , Meeting of OECD Education curates, 27-28 June 2006, Athens Gibbs, G. ( 1995 ) , â€Å" The Relationship between Quality in Hanushek E. , Kain J. , Rivkin, S. ( 1999 ) , â€Å" Do higher wages buy better instructors? â€Å" , NBER Hirsch, E. ( 2001 ) , â€Å" Teacher Recruitment ; Staffing Classrooms with Quality Teachers † , State Higher Education Executive Officers Kember, D. & A ; Kwan, KP. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" Lecturers ‘ App. roaches to Teaching and their Relationship to Conceptions of Good Teaching † , Instructional Science, Vol.28, pp. .469-490 Marginson, S. & A ; Van der Wende, M. ( 2007 ) , Globalisation and Higher Education, OECD, Education Working Paper No 8. Marton F. and Saljo R. ( 1976 ) , â€Å" On qualitative differences in acquisition, result and procedure † , British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 46, pp. .4-11 Schonwetter D.J, Clifton R.A. and Perry, R.P. ( 2002 ) , â€Å" Contented acquaintance: Differential Impact of Effective Teaching on Student Achievement Outcomes † , Research in Higher Education, Vol.43, No.6 Scott, P. ( 1998 ) , Massification, Internationalisation and Globalisation, in Scott, P. ( Ed ) , The Globalisation of Higher Education, SHRE / Open University Press, Buckingham Shepp. ard, C. & A ; Gilbert, J. ( 1991 ) , â€Å" Course design, learning method and pupil epistemology † , Higher Education, Vol.22, pp. .229-249 Stephenson, F. ( 2001 ) , Extraordinary instructors: The Essence of Excellent Teaching, Andrews McMeel Publishing, Kansas City Van der Wende, M.C. ( 2007 ) , â€Å" Internationalization of Higher Education in the OECD states: Challenges and Opp. ortunities for the Coming Decade † , Journal of Studies in International Education, Vol.11, No.34 Winter Argyris, C. & A ; Schon, D. ( 1974 ) , Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA

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â€Å"This first sample here,† Corky said, pointing to a shiny, jet-black stone, â€Å"is an iron-core meteorite. Very heavy. This little guy landed in Antarctica a few years back.† Rachel studied the meteorite. It most certainly looked otherworldly-a blob of heavy grayish iron whose outer crust was burned and blackened. â€Å"That charred outer layer is called a fusion crust,† Corky said. â€Å"It's the result of extreme heating as the meteor falls through our atmosphere. All meteorites exhibit that charring.† Corky moved quickly to the next sample. â€Å"This next one is what we call a stony-iron meteorite.† Rachel studied the sample, noting that it too was charred on the outside. This sample, however, had a light-greenish tint, and the cross section looked like a collage of colorful angular fragments resembling a kaleidoscopic puzzle. â€Å"Pretty,† Rachel said. â€Å"Are you kidding, it's gorgeous!† Corky talked for a minute about the high olivine content causing the green luster, and then he reached dramatically for the third and final sample, handing it to Rachel. Rachel held the final meteorite in her palm. This one was grayish brown in color, resembling granite. It felt heavier than a terrestrial stone, but not substantially. The only indication suggesting it was anything other than a normal rock was its fusion crust-the scorched outer surface. â€Å"This,† Corky said with finality, â€Å"is called a stony meteorite. It's the most common class of meteorite. More than ninety percent of meteorites found on earth are of this category.† Rachel was surprised. She had always pictured meteorites more like the first sample-metallic, alien-looking blobs. The meteorite in her hand looked anything but extraterrestrial. Aside from the charred exterior, it looked like something she might step over on the beach. Corky's eyes were bulging now with excitement. â€Å"The meteorite buried in the ice here at Milne is a stony meteorite-a lot like the one in your hand. Stony meteorites appear almost identical to our terrestrial igneous rocks, which makes them tough to spot. Usually a blend of lightweight silicates-feldspar, olivine, pyroxene. Nothing too exciting.† I'll say, Rachel thought, handing the sample back to him. â€Å"This one looks like a rock someone left in a fireplace and burned.† Corky burst out laughing. â€Å"One hell of a fireplace! The meanest blast furnace ever built doesn't come close to reproducing the heat a meteoroid feels when it hits our atmosphere. They get ravaged!† Tolland gave Rachel an empathetic smile. â€Å"This is the good part.† â€Å"Picture this,† Corky said, taking the meteorite sample from Rachel. â€Å"Let's imagine this little fella is the size of a house.† He held the sample high over his head. â€Å"Okay†¦ it's in space†¦ floating across our solar system†¦ cold-soaked from the temperature of space to minus one hundred degrees Celsius.† Tolland was chuckling to himself, apparently already having seen Corky's reenactment of the meteorite's arrival on Ellesmere Island. Corky began lowering the sample. â€Å"Our meteorite is moving toward earth†¦ and as it's getting very close, our gravity locks on†¦ accelerating†¦ accelerating†¦ â€Å" Rachel watched as Corky sped up the sample's trajectory, mimicking the acceleration of gravity. â€Å"Now it's moving fast,† Corky exclaimed. â€Å"Over ten miles per second-thirty-six thousand miles per hour! At 135 kilometers above the earth's surface, the meteorite begins to encounter friction with the atmosphere.† Corky shook the sample violently as he lowered it toward the ice. â€Å"Falling below one hundred kilometers, it's starting to glow! Now the atmospheric density is increasing, and the friction is incredible! The air around the meteoroid is becoming incandescent as the surface material melts from the heat.† Corky started making burning and sizzling sound effects. â€Å"Now it's falling past the eighty-kilometer mark, and the exterior becomes heated to over eighteen hundred degrees Celsius!† Rachel watched in disbelief as the presidential award-winning astrophysicist shook the meteorite more fiercely, sputtering out juvenile sound effects. â€Å"Sixty kilometers!† Corky was shouting now. â€Å"Our meteoroid encounters the atmospheric wall. The air is too dense! It violently decelerates at more than three hundred times the force of gravity!† Corky made a screeching braking sound and slowed his descent dramatically. â€Å"Instantly, the meteorite cools and stops glowing. We've hit dark flight! The meteoroid's surface hardens from its molten stage to a charred fusion crust.† Rachel heard Tolland groan as Corky knelt on the ice to perform the coup de grace-earth impact. â€Å"Now,† Corky said, â€Å"our huge meteorite is skipping across our lower atmosphere†¦ † On his knees, he arched the meteorite toward the ground on a shallow slant. â€Å"It's headed toward the Arctic Ocean†¦ on an oblique angle†¦ falling†¦ looking almost like it will skip off the ocean†¦ falling†¦ and†¦ † He touched the sample to the ice. â€Å"BAM!† Rachel jumped. â€Å"The impact is cataclysmic! The meteorite explodes. Fragments fly off, skipping and spinning across the ocean.† Corky went into slow motion now, rolling and tumbling the sample across the invisible ocean toward Rachel's feet. â€Å"One piece keeps skimming, tumbling toward Ellesmere Island†¦ † He brought it right up to her toe. â€Å"It skips off the ocean, bouncing up onto land†¦ † He moved it up and over the tongue of her shoe and rolled it to a stop on top of her foot near her ankle. â€Å"And finally comes to rest high on the Milne Glacier, where snow and ice quickly cover it, protecting it from atmospheric erosion.† Corky stood up with a smile. Rachel's mouth fell slack. She gave an impressed laugh. â€Å"Well, Dr. Marlinson, that explanation was exceptionally†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Lucid?† Corky offered. Rachel smiled. â€Å"In a word.† Corky handed the sample back to her. â€Å"Look at the cross section.† Rachel studied the rock's interior a moment, seeing nothing. â€Å"Tilt it into the light,† Tolland prompted, his voice warm and kind. â€Å"And look closely.† Rachel brought the rock close to her eyes and tilted it against the dazzling halogens reflecting overhead. Now she saw it-tiny metallic globules glistening in the stone. Dozens of them were peppered throughout the cross section like minuscule droplets of mercury, each only about a millimeter across. â€Å"Those little bubbles are called ‘chondrules,'† Corky said. â€Å"And they occur only in meteorites.† Rachel squinted at the droplets. â€Å"Granted, I've never seen anything like this in an earth rock.† â€Å"Nor will you!† Corky declared. â€Å"Chondrules are one geologic structure we simply do not have on earth. Some chondrules are exceptionally old-perhaps madeup of the earliest materials in the universe. Other chondrules are much younger, like the ones in your hand. The chondrules in that meteorite date only about 190 million years old.† â€Å"One hundred ninety million years is young?† â€Å"Heck, yes! In cosmological terms, that's yesterday. The point here, though, is that this sample contains chondrules-conclusive meteoric evidence.† â€Å"Okay,† Rachel said. â€Å"Chondrules are conclusive. Got it.† â€Å"And finally,† Corky said, heaving a sigh, â€Å"if the fusion crust and chondrules don't convince you, we astronomers have a foolproof method to confirm meteoric origin.† â€Å"Being?† Corky gave a casual shrug. â€Å"We simply use a petrographic polarizing microscope, an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a neutron activation analyzer, or an induction-coupled plasma spectrometer to measure ferromagnetic ratios.†

Review of Hamlet, performed in the lowry, salford quays Essay

On Wednesday 3rd of November, the A-level drama groups from Queens Park High School went to see a version of Hamlet performed in the Salford Quays Lowry theatre. Directed by Japanese Yukio Ninagawa, he has added Japanese influences into the traditional Shakespearean tragedy. The design of the set used artistic impressionism: The barbed wire represented the conflict present within his mind. As well as this it was a useful medium to cordon certain areas of the stage. The light bulbs also representing conflict, which are regularly used in Shakespearean plays; in this case used (as with the barbed wire) to evince the conflict beginning in Hamlet’s mind. The light bulbs would alight and sway to signify a monologue, and were also a type of imagery demonstrating the mind- the light bulb is commonly used to mark an idea. The doors around the edge of stage were used to replicate the idea of an open space, and gave the stage an incredible sense of vastness. By using these doors and certain lighting, the director was able to indicate different times of day: during the scene with Hamlet and the ghost, the light gradually moved around all of the doors and successfully created the feeling of a rising sun. The costumes worn by some characters appeared unusual; the ghost king (although written to be Norwegian) wore a Samurai costume, and the entertainers wore costumes relating to the native kabuki or no theatre of Japan. Shakespeare would probably have used clowns or a similar type of act to demonstrate the murder of Hamlet’s father. The reason for this stems from the Japanese director, Ninagawa, who used his own culture to influence some aspects of the play. This was interesting when it came to the setting of the play, as it did not tie with the written adaptation which -as mentioned earlier- was supposed to be based in Norway, and there were no references to this. Other costumes were used well to represent different circles within the play- royalty and those associated were dressed in red: a royal colour. Ophelia and her family originally dressed in white, possibly symbolising purity and truth, until Polonius joins the King and Queen and also dresses in red. Horatio dresses in similar plain black clothing to Hamlet, but wore a blue scarf that could have been used to differentiate him from the royal family. The two scholars that appear at the King’s request both wear grey, high-class outfits and look very much like scholars. The final groups of people to explore are the Polish army, the leader of which wore a very modern leather coat- a mark of high status and power. The major costume changes that occur are when Gertrude asks to speak to Hamlet- at which point she wears a light blue, flowing gown, representing her purity and innocence, and the underwear worn by Ophelia, showing her in a dishevelled and unkempt state. The main sound effects occurred at the beginning of each act; rolling thunder, which accompanied the swaying lights. Music was used namely in the performance by the Kabuki theatre. During Ophelia’s madness, she vocalises some sonnets written by Shakespeare. Songs are also sung by the gravediggers, although they feature only for a short while and do not contribute much to the play as a whole. Overall, the design of the play was well thought out, and the director was able to use the space, lighting, sound and costume to create a well-devised and creative atmosphere. In comparison the setting and design of the play, the acting did not contribute in such an involving way. All characters were able to project their voices, which made the audience able to competently hear what the characters where saying. But emotion and expression were lacking in many of the characters e. g. one of the most well known lines of the play ‘dear Jochum, I knew him well’ -spoken by Hamlet- was rushed and miscued. In a similar way, the characters of the King and Gertrude were greatly over-acted. The actors who demonstrated the best character development and realism were Polonius and Horatio. During the scene where Polonius ‘forgets what he was going to say’, many members of the audience believed that he had forgotten his lines, inducing laughter and amusement; exactly the reaction that Shakespeare intended. Horatio gave an excellent performance at the end of the play, producing ‘real tears’ and a very convincing sadness at the death of his best friend Hamlet. The performances of both of these characters were consistent throughout the play. Due to the barbed wire on the stage, some of the movement seemed restricted, such as the sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes, where it appeared that they accidentally knocked the wire causing it to shake and distract the attention of the audience. The body language of each character was questionable: Gertrude and the King both had over-exaggerated arm movements, whereas Hamlet appeared not to over-use large movements such as pointing and flailing arms. Polonius had an interesting twitch in his right arm, which at first appeared to be nervousness of the actor, but on further investigation, was an intentional manoeuvre used to depict his slightly psychotic character. Ophelia created madness in her character after the death of her father by moving in a lyrical fashion, as though not really aware of her motion – a successful tactic. Directors will use the versatility of the Hamlet script to create different relationships between characters, either successfully or unsuccessfully. Ninagawa made the following choices: The relationship between Polonius and Ophelia was interesting, because although at the beginning of the play Polonius chose to treat his daughter with disdain, Ophelia was quite obviously very disturbed and depressed about his death. This was perhaps conveying the true to life concept that one will love family no matter what the situation. Another relationship including Ophelia is the intimacy between herself and her brother – without knowing the characters, the audience may have been fooled into thinking that Ophelia and Laertes are lovers, as they kiss. The kiss appears to have a romantic nature rather than the kiss the audience would expect within a family kiss. This could result in the audience being ambivalent about the relationship between Ophelia and Laertes. Ninagawa does not pursue the romantic relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet or Claudius and Gertrude, which the audience would expect to see some evidence of- at one point, the actor of Gertrude tried to embrace Claudius who pushed her away, and there was very little contact between Hamlet and Ophelia. Hamlet is an interesting character within himself, showing signs of contempt towards other characters, being indecisive and uncaring. It is within the monologues that the audience is exposed to the real Hamlet, which Ninagawa has chosen to portray as acting madness, as opposed to becoming crazed. The final relationship being considered is that of Hamlet and Gertrude. At the beginning of the play, the actors did not express sort of bond, and the first contact they appear to have is in Gertrude’s closet, where she is moderately sexually harassed by Hamlet. This could have been executed in a much more perverse way, which fortunately the director did not choose to do. The acting in this version of Hamlet leaves a lot to be desired as lines were forgotten, words were misused and the some actors seemed lacking in direction. I feel that having heard the story of Hamlet after having seen the play, there was much that I misunderstood from watching and listening to the characters. Although true to the text, some of the words were spoken without expression and misinterpretation became easy attention lapsed. Having spoken to other audience members, certain key characters became easy to listen to – despite the difficult context – and even enjoy. The set and costume was admired for the provocative nature and was a success in almost all aspects. Overall, the play captured most moments that were significant either with the use of design or the skill of the able and talented actors.

General Marx's Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

General Marx's Theories - Essay Example Marx gives reasons as for the need for such assessment. Value is social because it is determined by the total result of the fluctuating efforts of each individual producer; objective because it is given, upon the completion of the production of a given commodity, and becomes independent from personal or collective valuations of customers on the marketplace; it is historically relative because it is linked to each important change, progress or otherwise, of the average productivity of labor in a given segment of output, including transportation and agriculture.   This does not, however, mean that Marx’s concept of value is detached from consumption. He only distinguishes between the living labor and dead labor, like tools and raw materials. But he says values determine prices only basically and in the medium-term sense of the word. Marx respects the operation of market laws, also of a law of supply and demand, in determining the short-term fluctuations. The Communist Manifesto declares, â€Å"The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Communist Manifesto) Marx does treat labor as a commodity but one can not say that his value theory is unscientific and wrong. His observation should not be read in isolation. Karl Korsch points out, â€Å"It was never the intention of Marx to descend from the general idea of value as expounded in the first volume of Capital, by means of ever closer determinants to a direct determination of the price of commodities.

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective Essay

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective - Essay Example ll the social responsibility of the organization and will help the organization to build up a strong image among competitors (Lawrie and Cobbold, 2004). Improving the current work processes will positively affect the performance of employees and managers and improves the overall productivity of the organization. It will also reduce the possibility of mishap and confusion regarding the work assigned. . Standardization of processes will minimize the possibility of mistake and will ultimately result in cost and time effectiveness (Lipe and Salterio, 2000). This will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of whole staff as it will provide new ways towards the problem solving of employees. It will also increase customer loyalty and satisfaction. It will help the organization to stay update and competitive in the market (Northcott and Smith, 2011). The culture defines the organization; building of strong organizational culture will create a satisfactory working environment for employees and will work as motivational factor for employees to meet organization’s goals (Palladium, 2011). It will increase the overall performance of employees as motivation works as a driver to effectiveness of employee performance. It may include fringe benefits, appraisal, allowances etc (Tapinos, Dyson, and Meadows, 2011). This objective will increase the performance of employees and will make them efficient enough to better understand customer’s need and problem and will also allow them to cater the need in an effective manner (Tohidi, Jafari, and Afshar, 2010). Develop techniques to measure employee performance and activities such as undertaking monthly performance assessment activity which will provide the organization an insight to the performance of employees (Tseng, 2010). Learning and growth prospective of balanced score card has given the organization a platform to enhance its performance, with focus on employees and organizational culture it has provided the

Hoggy's Restaurant Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hoggy's Restaurant Experience - Essay Example I was disappointed and frustrated by a recent experience at Hoggy’s Restaurant. I had very high expectations.   Numerous visits to the restaurant with family and friends led me to anticipate that the food would be served at the right temperature, that it would be tasty and delicious, the service would be prompt and attentive, and the restaurant would be clean and organized.   I had never had a negative experience with this restaurant chain, or with this particular location.   My most recent visit changed their winning streak, however.   The experience was poor, and I am unlikely to return to this location.A friend and I visited the restaurant over lunch.   We were not in a rush and were looking forward to a pleasant meal in great company.   Upon entering the restaurant, we noted that it took several minutes before someone greeted us and led us to a table.   On past visits, the hostess greeted us within a minute, so this was a surprise.   In fact, it took so lon g that we joked that they had closed the restaurant and had forgotten to lock the door.After the hostess led us to a table and provided us with a menu, we waited another five minutes before the waitress visited our table and took our beverage order.   This was frustrating, because we had picked a time to visit after the standard lunch rush time, and the restaurant was not busy.We received our drinks, gave the waitress our order, and visited with each other until the waitress returned with our food.   She placed the plates in front of us and indicated that she would get drink refills for us.   My friend started eating, but as soon as I picked up my sandwich, I noticed a long, black hair lying across the top of it.  

Inquiry into Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inquiry into Media - Essay Example It is also imperative to take some time to go and watch the affiliated film and make use of a graphic organizer to make comparative studies between the book and the film. After all these activities, the learner makes a discussion, sighting important scenes within the movie that paid attribute to improving the book and also giving examples of scenarios that were a bad idea. In the end, the involved parties select various scenes where their personal opinion is that it was not appropriately represented in the film, and this makes it easy for the leaner to present it as a theatre performance. The use of films in class has a lot of educative value, especially when one considers the examples of critical thinking in relation to the stories that are in the movies. When we add films to the curriculum, this provides an extension and expansion to learning experiences and openings for making intellectual connections for all interested parties. Therefore, this paper takes a looks into the prelimi nary part of the film Titanic produced in 1997 by James Cameron based on a book written in 1953. The primary focus of this essay is the Titanic and here it is the role of the student to explore ways that one may change some of the scenes to other forms of media such as articles, books, short stories or other films (Hockfield 13). The Titanic is a very good film that had the intention to capitulate and become one of the best photographic winning films of all times. The film cost an estimated $200 million plus that resulted in the blinding the critics and audiences, where they were overcome with delight that it was possible to direct and produce a smart action-packed movie. As a result, the movie turned out interestingly and surprisingly great, and Titanic t-shirt wear, posters, calendars, soundtracks, documentaries, and interviews became the order of the day. As one decides to go and watch the film, it is important to distance oneself from these opinions and come to a conclusion afte r a close encounter with the characters and the ideas that the director was critically attempting to reveal. Many people refer to it as the best film they have ever seen. The ship sails through the Atlantic Ocean, and the tragic end started when the machine hit the tip of an iceberg and started sinking. The most remarkable characters that stand out are a poor chap named Jack and a very rich lady named Rose. The wealthy Rose came to America to get hitched after the death of her father, who left her penniless. The two young people met and defy all odds of the social classes and ultimately fall in love. There is a catch; they have to do it in the shadows because, apparently, the rich and the poor have a stigma that occurs in their existence. It is an emotional depiction of love and romance that takes place on a doomed ship that is 46,000 tons of pure steel that seemed undoubtedly unsinkable. One of the characters survived, and one is always wishing that there are two survivors who leav e the audience in awe at the love and romance that sparks between them. It is not a new thing to find an individual crying in these types of films. Jack and Rose are the most breathe-taking leading characters that have a love that is in disguise as they are of different social classes and who are even on different classes onboard the ship.

The growth of debt among young American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The growth of debt among young American - Essay Example (Economic Crisis, 71) The purpose of this research would be to determine the three most fundamental questions related to the aspect of growth of debt among young Americans. What is the social problem 2) What cause this social problem 3) What is the impact to the people of this social problem 4) What are some solutions regarding to this social problem One of the interests financial planners have would be in understanding how money attitudes can be related to both investment and savings behaviors. Financial counselors wish to understand the how and why students either intentionally or unintentionally get themselves into debt. The rapid rise in consumer credit card debt and personal bankruptcies causes concern with policy makers and this is one reason for the study. There is increasing evidence that credit card debt has contributed to the rise in family financial problems and personal bankruptcies (Brobeck, 45). In the quest to discover why consumer credit card use and debt are increasing it is important to understand an individual's attitudes towards credit, money and debt (Hayhoe, 645). The use of credit has becom... The use of credit has become almost a rite of passage for many collegiate students worldwide. The objective of this paper would be to study the attitudes of university students in the use of credit cards and the general use of money. The aim in actuality is to study the positive and negative credit card usage by University students and the reasons behind their usage or abuse. University students often are faced with a barrage of financial considerations including credit cards, financial institutions, student financing for educational purposes, part-time employment and other such financial decisions to manage. The research conducted would be inclusive of local collegiate students just beginning their tenure on campus and those that have been on campus for a year or more. Credit Cards have gained a lot of popularity in the United Kingdom and around the world. Most businesses use credit card services. The businesses, especially retail stores, have their own credit cards. They either have just a credit card for their store alone or they might have a Visa, MasterCard or even an American Express logo on it where the consumers can use that credit card no matter where they shop. In fact, if the businesses did not use credit cards they would lose a good chunk of money. This review will cover credit use and abuse, credit cards themselves, consumer decision making, consumer attitudes, adoption behavior, credit card debt and the viewpoint of credit card issuers and banks. Long term cardholders who carry a balance, pay late, and on occasion would surpass their credit limit, thus incurring additional fees, would in fact be the most

Eco-terrorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eco-terrorists - Essay Example As revealed, the organization who claimed responsibility for setting the SUVs on fire, the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) indicated that these incidents â€Å"were intended to "take the profit motive" away from those responsible for pollution† (Tamaki, Chong and Lansberg par. 2). Support One element that confirms that the group who set fire on SUVs in California must be labeled as eco-terrorists is that members of the group who claimed responsibility actually were identified and labeled as â€Å"a loose association of militant environmentalists† (Tamaki, Chong and Lansberg par. 2). These groups of people are considered eco-terrorists because they wreak havoc on the lives of innocent people in the guise of protecting nature and the environment. The group like the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), who were responsible for the SUV vandalism believes â€Å"that the human species is perpetrating a war on nature and that those who are connected to nature and belong to it have a ri ght to defend themselves† (FoxNews.com par 10). As such, as environmentally oriented, the members of the group are not merely terrorists but clearly fall under the eco-terrorist classification or category. Support Eco-terrorists sow terror on many people through acts similar to political terrorists such as arson, bombings, vandalism and harassment and destroy millions worth of properties. Again, the descriptions satisfied the element in the definition of the term as the members use arson against innocent victims through destruction of property (SUVs). The FBI estimates that the damages of the attacks of eco-terrorists amount to more than $100 million (FoxNews.com par 6). Likewise, as revealed in one of the featured stories in the official website of the FBI entitled â€Å"Violence in the Name of the Environment: The Case of the Calculating Eco-Terrorist† (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)), â€Å"ELF has even boasted on its website that its members racked up some $ 55 million dollars in damages in 2003 through illegal anti-development and SUV dealership attacks† (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) par. 5). Support Eco-terrorists tend to target companies who they feel are doing damage to nature. This is evident in their attack against some SUV dealerships in California which they set on fire (Shpritz par 1). They consider SUVs as pollutants because of their poor fuel efficiency. Likewise, as revealed in the official FBI website, â€Å"The ELF advocates "monkeywrenching," a euphemism for acts of sabotage and property destruction against industries and other entities perceived to be damaging to the natural environment† (FBI par. 10). The members of the ELF were also reported to have engaged â€Å"in significant intelligence gathering against potential targets, including the review of industry/trade publications, photographic/video surveillance of potential targets, and posting details about potential targets on the internet† (FBI par. 11). As such, the targets were explicitly stated as organizations, both private and public, which were deemed to promote products and services that pose threats to the environment. These facts all support the conclusion that the group of people who set fire on SUVs in California should be labeled as â€Å"eco-terrorists† due to primary motive, group ideals, the targets for their violent actions and the damage inflicted, as a whole. Even if the group’s ideals were supposedly to protect the environment, their means

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example It is not necessarily the primary goal of the individual and can be adequate to avoid uncomfortable tension which can arise out of the absence of the primary goal. Deprivation of the primary goal generally results in the attainment of primary goal status of the substitute goal. This can be regarded as a defence mechanism for individuals in order to protect their ego. For example, an individual who cannot afford a very high priced and luxurious car may actually find contentment and satisfaction with less expensive car and consider its image as the one he clearly prefers (Schiffman, 1988, p.97). Defence mechanism is regarded as the way in which individuals cope with frustrations or a frustrating situation in order to protect their self esteem or self image. This can be explained by an example. When an individual cannot afford apparel that she craves for, she can satisfy her craving by a number of different ways. She might opt for less expensive apparel or she can also react to situatio n by showing anger and frustration towards her boss who does not provide her with the money she would like to have for buying the dress. The other alternative is that she could persuade herself to understand that that the dress does not look as good as it should be as per its price. The two cases can be regarded as aggression and rationalization respectively. These two are the defence mechanism which people adopt in order to protect their own ego from the feeling of failure when they are unable to accomplish their goals. The types of defence mechanisms that individuals undertake are numerous and far from being exhaustive. This is because of the fact that individuals generally develop their own ways of fighting frustrating situations to protect their self esteem arising from apprehensions and anxieties that result from the experience of failures. It is essential for marketers to consider these facts during constructing advertisements and selecting advertising appeals. In this markete rs can emphasize on the product in which they portray an individual resolving a specific frustrating situation by the use of the advertised product. Needs are considered one of the most crucial essence of marketing concepts. Marketers do not generally create the need in individuals but rather make consumers aware of the needs. Needs and goals constantly keep changing in response to the changing environment, physical conditions, and interactions with people around and experiences. With the attainment of a goal, consumers strive to attain a new goal and consequently develop new needs. In case they are unable to attain a particular goal they keep striving for old goals or develop substitute goals. It is crucial for marketers to identify the people’s needs while producing a product. Additionally, when they launch a particular product marketers also have the important responsibility of generating awareness among the consumers about their need for the product (Prakashan, 2006, p.7. 4). Types of motives of individuals, is an associated concept which marketers must understand along with needs. Motivation is the driving force within individuals which impels them to take a particular course of action. Many of the needs of individuals can remain dormant most of

Public Service Broadcasting and the Unique Way by which the BBC Essay

Public Service Broadcasting and the Unique Way by which the BBC Funding Impact - Essay Example Generally, journalism refers to the science of gathering and analyzing information that generates some kind of significance from the public (Hodkison, 2011:39). The BBC Company stands as the pioneer of public service broadcasting systems in the world. Other countries systems gain expertise and knowledge from the analysis of the service’s past and its development to its current statue. This paper seeks to examine the use of journalism and mass media in the public service broadcasting systems, and the current means used to sustain and fund the relevant institutions. In this paper, much focus is on the BBC broadcasting service, and the general conduct of its operations. The current type of journalism possesses numerous results. These include the reporting of general news, politics, sporting, crime, interviews, and economics. Journalism employs numerous avenues of communication, depending on the platform in use (THE BBC TRUST CONCLUSIONS, 2008:16). These include oral, written, or a combination of both forms of communication. This is a very precarious profession. This is because the career involves working on newly happened events. This is because the public is usually more inclined to information regarding recent or currently breaking news regarding various issues, individuals, regions, or natural happenings. Therefore, an individual who is involved in the industry must possess various special qualities. These include being open-minded, intelligent, non-partisan, and ready to adapt in varying situations. In addition, he/she has to control his emotions appropriately, in case he is required to account on tragic situations or calamities while on spot (Cobley, 2010:59). The career also offers generous benefits, including meeting with famous individuals. Nevertheless, these benefits do not come free. A journalist must always be able to think straight and focus perceptively, even in intimidating circumstances. This is a major requirement if one is able to deliver effectively on the current assignment. However, as with all other professions, this career has also drawn heavy criticism from the public. Critics claim that this profession is a unique one because it the individuals involved earn their living through educating the public about information and issues that they personally know nothing about (Hodkison, 2011:84). The most popular and most effective form of journalism happens through mass media. The conduct of journalism through mass media has been heavily influenced by the rapid development of digital expertise. Mass media refers to any avenue whose purpose is to convey mass communique. It refers to the process of conveying a message from one source to a comparatively bigger audience through conveying machines or tools. For ages, constituents of mass media included magazines, television, books, recordings, newspapers, movies, and the internet (Branston, 2006:78). The sustained boom in the field of digital communication knowledge and te chnique has drawn fervent arguments as to whether to add video, computer games, and cell phones to the group of mass media constituents. In recent times, there has been evidence of advertisers and marketers scheming to exploit the use of satellites to

The Atomic Bomb Essay Example for Free

The Atomic Bomb Essay In 1939 World War II broke out in Europe. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was by then the President of the United States of America. Because of their previous experience in World War I, isolationist ideas had led to the approval of Neutrality Acts in American Congress. These Neutrality Acts were laws which prevented American citizens from selling military equipment or lending money to any country at war. As for non-military supplies, they could only be sold to warring countries if they paid cash for them and took care of their transportation. Japan had turned into Germans strongest ally and their power frightened America, sandwiched between the two countries. Because of this, Roosevelt succeeded in persuading Americans to send both non-military goods and military equipment either to Britain or to any country whose defence he considered necessary to the safety of the USA. In July 1941 the USA stopped all shipments of oil to Japan hoping to weaken the Japanese who imported 80 per cent of their oil from America. On December 7, 1941 Japan bombed the American Pacific battle fleet in Pearl Harbor. The fleet was totally damaged and over 2,000 men were killed. Japan aimed at seizing the Southeast Asia oil and this attack took place to prevent Americans from stopping them. Therefore, on December 8, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan and, since Japan was Hitlers ally, Hitler declared war on the US. The United States was now fighting on the side of Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies) against Germany and Japan (the Axis). America entered the war to win it. To achieve this goal, some measures had to be taken: First of all, the American government implemented a complete reorganization of American economy. Factories started producing tanks, bombers and other war supplies instead of cars and washing machines. Wages and prices were seriously controlled and income taxes were introduced. To gain the war, more powerful weapons were needed. Thus, scientists started working on a top-secret research scheme, code-named the Manhattan Project. As the White House press release on Hiroshima states, this project was carried on in the United States with British agreement since the USA territories were out of reach of enemy bombing. The director of the laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, where this project developed, was J. Robert Oppenheimer. The aim of the project was to make a nuclear weapon, the atomic bomb, and as soon as possible. First, because the Germans were already working on it, and secondly because it seemed the only means to stop Hitler and the Japanese from destroying the free world, to end the war quickly and to save many human lives. On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died and Harry Truman, his vice-president, took over as President of The United States. On July 16, 1945, an atomic bomb was tested in the New Mexico desert. On August 6, 1945 an America bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima (a military base in the words of H. Truman). On August 9, 1945, a second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. On August 14, 1945, the Japanese surrender put an end to World War II. Was Harry Trumans decision to drop the bomb, the most destructive weapon ever seen, aright decision? Some people say yes, others answer is no. Even the scientists involved didnt agree about the issue. Most really hoped that the mere possession of such a weapon could be enough to frighten the enemy and stop the war. Before its use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a group of them clearly showed their disagreement signing petitions and warning both of the bombs unusual destructive force and of the radioactive fallout which followed the bomb test. After the damage to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, different opinions could still be heard: We were afraid that Hitler had the bomb first, and we made this bomb, which shortened the war and saved a lot of American and Japanese lives in the Japanese war (Victor Weiskopf, physicist). If I had known that the Germans would not succeed in constructing the atomic bomb, I would have never lifted a finger (Albert Einstein, physicist). I think it was necessary to drop one, but the second one could have easily been avoided. I think Japan would have capitulated anyway (Hans Bethe, physicist).

Reliability of Reflotron in Testing of Total Cholesterol

Reliability of Reflotron in Testing of Total Cholesterol Reliability of Reflotron in Testing of total Cholesterol and Urea in Non- centralized Medical Setting Introduction Point-of-care testing (PoCT) has been defined as â€Å"those analytical patient-testing activities provided within the institution, but performed outside the physical facilities of the clinical laboratories (1). There has been a growing interest in point-of-care testing (PoCT) because of its advantages over standard laboratory procedures, it provides timely information to medical teams, facilitating rational, time-critical decisions, and has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes in critical care settings (2). At least a dozen portable cholesterol and urea testing instruments have been designed for use in community and office settings. These instruments have made mass screenings for these risk factors feasible and thus are now in widespread use for this purpose (3). Dyslipidemia; including both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia represent significant risk factors for the development of peripheral artery diseases and negative health outcomes (4, 5). High blood cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease, is a major modifiable risk factor, and contributes to the leading cause of death in the USA (6,7). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now recognized as a major world-wide health problem (8). A method for the estimation of the urea in blood coming from individual organs and for clinical purposes must be efficient when only small quantities of blood can be obtained (9). Aim of work: In Arar city many non- centralized Medical Setting used Reflotron for medical analysis and diagnosis disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of Reflotron in the testing of total cholesterol and urea for screening and diagnosis in Arar city. Methods: Cross sectional study held in Arar city in the period from 1 November 2013 to 10 November 2013, 30 blood sample was taken and measured by Reflotron apparatus and the results was rechecked by Dimension RXI MAX apparatus to compare between the results between 2 methods. Approximately 20ml of blood was collected from each participant, after fasting for 12h, using standardized venipuncture techniques in the antecubital vein in the bend of the elbow. In order to overcome technician error, two drops of blood (30ÃŽ ¼l) were collected immediately from the previously drawn venous sample by drawing blood into the capillary tube from the opening in the top of the venous tube before centrifuging the venous sample, rather than ‘sticking’ the finger. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20 and suitable statistical methods were used, p Results: Table (1): Comparison between Reading of Reflotron and Dimension RXI MAX test: Table 1 shows that the mean of urea was 65.22 ±46.3 by Dimension RXI MAX apparatus while it was 63.73 ±41.1 by Reflotron, as regards Total cholesterol mean by Dimension RXI MAX and Reflotron was 150.04 ±38.9 and 167.7 ±40.3 respectively, the difference between the reading of the two apparatuses was not statistically significant in both Urea and cholesterol. Table (2): Mean Percent of change between Reflotron and Dimension RXI MAX test in urea and cholesterol Table 2 shows that the mean percent of change between Reflotron and Dimension RXI MAX test in urea and cholesterol was -0.4% and 12.5% respectively Discussion The Reflotron has been marketed aggressively for use in community screening programs. The marketing has focused heavily on the instrument’s relatively low cost, ease of operation, and accuracy. This strategy has resulted in the widespread use of this instrument in blood cholesterol screenings. The Reflotron has been studied previously using various settings, sample sizes, and methodologies (10). This study compared the same blood sample using dry chemistry by the portable analyzer Reflotron plus and wet chemistry by Dimension RXI MAX apparatus. The MultiCare systems are pocket-sized reflectance photometers, in which the intensity of the color developed from a chromogen reaction being proportional to the concentration of the cholesterol or urea in the blood. The results of the MultiCare method compared with the reference method demonstrated good agreement between the 2 methods, the difference between the reading of the two apparatuses was not statistically significant in both Urea and cholesterol with a mean difference of 12.5% and –0.4% for cholesterol and urea, respectively. The availability of POCT lipid monitors has increased in recent years, any POCT must be validated for bias and imprecision to ensure that appropriate medical decisions and population screenings are made (11-17). The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the United States recommended bias goals of 3% and 5% for cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. Conclusion: The portable analyzer Reflotron provided clinically relevant underestimations of total cholesterol values comparison with Dimension RXI MAX, whereas, urea values urea values satisfied. Consequently, lipid values obtained using the Reflotron may be useful for screening, but the Reflotron should not be used as a diagnostic tool. Urea values useful for screening and diagnosis kidney diseases . References U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National institutes of Health. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing Fact Sheet. Jul 2007. Birkhahn RH, Haines E, Wen W, Reddy L, Briggs WM, Datillo PA (2011). Estimating the clinical impact of bringing a multimarker cardiac panel to the bedside in the ED. Am J Emerg Med, 29(3):304-8. Havas, Stephen; Bishop, Robert; et al Performance of the Reflotron in Massachusetts Model System for blood cholesterol screening program. American journal of public health; Mar 1992;82,3, ProQuist central. Davis, C.L., Harmon, W.E., Himmelfarb, J., Hostetter, T., Powe, N., Smedberg, P., Szczech, L.A. and Aronson, P.S. 2008: World Kidney Day 2008: think globally, speak locally. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 19, 413–16. Sullivan DR. Screening for cardiovascular disease with cholesterol. Int J Clin Chem 2002;315:49–60. State-specific cholesterol screening trends-United States, 1991–1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000;284: p. 1374–5. Cheng AY, Leiter LA. (2006). Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Curr Opin Cardiol 21(4):400–404. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001).Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285:2486–2497. Volles DF, McKenney JM, Miller WG, Ruffen D, Zhang D. Ana- lytic and clinical performance of two compact cholesterol-testing devices. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18:184–92. Havas S, Bishop R, Koumjian L, Reisman J, Wozenski S.Performance of the Reflotron in Massachusetts’ model system for blood cholesterol measurement. Am J Public Health 1992;82:458–61. Shephard MD, Mazzachi BC, Shephard AK. Comparative perfor- mance of two point-of-care analysers for lipid testing. Clin Lab 2007;53:561–6. Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Einerson JA, McBride PE, Wiebe DA. Inaccuracy of lipid measurements with the portable Cholestech L.D.X analyzer in patients with hypercho- lesterolemia. Clin Chem 2002;48:284–90. du Plessis M, Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJ. Analytical quality of near- patient blood cholesterol and glucose determinations. Clin Chem 2000;46:1085–90. Gottschling HD, Reuter W, Ronquist G, Steinmetz A, Hattemer A. Multicentre evaluation of a non-wipe system for the rapid determination of total cholesterol in capillary blood, Accutrend Cholesterol on Accutrend GC. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1995;33:373–81. Laboratory Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Current status of blood cholesterol measurement in clinical laboratories in the United States: a report from the Laboratory Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Clin Chem 1988;34:193–201. Carey M, Markham C, Gaffney P, Boran C, Maher V. Validation of a point of care lipid analyser using a hospital based reference laboratory. Ir J Med Sci 2006;175:30–5. Luley C, Ronquist G, Reuter W, et al. Point-of-care testing of triglycerides: evaluation of the Accutrend triglycerides system. Clin Chem 2000;46:287–91.

House On Mango Street Essay example -- essays research papers

Women’s Escape into Misery Women’s need for male support and their husband’s constant degradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHÉ, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them from their present misery. These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escape the repression of the surrounding environment. *Cisneros presents a rigid world in which they lived in, and left them no other hope but to get married. Esperanza, however, is a very tough girl who knows what she wants. She will keep dreaming and striving until she gets it. She says, "I am too strong for her [Mango Street] to keep me here&qu ot; (110). Esperanza learned from all of these women that she was not going to be tied down. She said, "I have decided not to grow up tame like the others who lay their necks on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain" (88). **Especially after seeing that Sally was suffering so much. Sally’s father is making her want to leave home by beating her. Sally "said her mother rubs lard on the places were it hurts" (93). There is not enough lard in the world to be able to cure the pain within Sally’s heart. Sally, "met a marshmallow salesman at a school bazaar" (101). Pretty soon " sally got married, she has her house now, her pillowcases and her plates" (101). Her marriage seems to free her from her father, but in reality she has now stepped into a world of misery. This was supposed to help her heal; " she says she is in love, but I think she did it to escape." (101). Unlike the oth er women Sally has no escape, no poetry, not even papaya coconut juice, not to mention, " he does not let her look out the window" (102). That is why "she sits at home because she is afraid to go outside without his permission."(102). Rafaela’s situation also involves imprisonment in her own home. Cisneros introduced us to Rafaela, a young beautiful girl whose expectations from marriage were to obtain a sweet home to live in. Instead... ...p;quot;ferocious roots beneath the ground" (74). Like the trees [???] (I don’t get the reference to the trees) these are, "Four who reach and do not forget to reach. Four whose only reason is to be and be" (75). These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escape the repression of the surrounding environment. The only tree that was able to escape Mango Street was Esperanza. Her last words demonstrated growth as an independent woman. She concludes "She does not hold me with both arms. She sets me free" (110). This was good! There were minor corrections that I corrected, but didn’t make a note of it(like commas). If u have any ?’s call me n let me know! Nataly Buenrostro Writing 1 October 9, 2000 House on Mango Street Critical Analysis Professor Peterson I made many changes to my draft. First of all I made Esperanza a stronger focal point of my paper. I made it clear that she was the strong one in the book. I made the transitions have more of a flow by mentioning more events that involved Esperanza. I tried to make my subjects better known and my thesis clearer by stating more facts. I showed a lot more and told less.

where the red fern grows :: essays research papers

In the story, Billy was walking home one day when there was a dog fight in the ally and he went to investigate to see what was going on and there was a bunch of dog’s beating up on one dog so he decided to get involved and break it up. They all scattered away when they saw him coming. The dog that was getting beat up and was lying on the ground and it was hurt. He went to the dog and saw it was a beautiful hound dog. He also noticed that the dog wasn’t hurt that bad, just scared.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Billy was a boy he always wanted a pair of hound dogs. However, as much as he wanted a pair of hounds he did not receive them. Every now and then he would hear the neighboring dogs calling treed to their masters, and their masters whooping back to them to tell the hound that they were on the way. This encouraged Billy to want a hound even more. His dad told him one day that his grandpa wanted to see him soon. Once he got to his grandfather, his grandfather told him that he had seen an ad in the newspaper for some hound dog pups. So he went and got an old tin can and started putting money in it that he made from working in the fields. Over the next year he had saved up enough money to buy his hound dog. He hiked over the mountains to the nearest town post office because that’s where his dogs where going to be until he picked them up. He got to the post office and put them in a potato sack bag and headed for home. His grandpa had given him a coon trap so he could train his dogs. He named his dogs Little Anne and Old Dan. By the time hunting season had come he had his dogs trained and ready to go. The first night they treed their first ringtail coon. He skinned the coon and took it to his grandfather for money. He gave the money to his father. After about a year his dogs had become very good at hunting. The neighboring kids thought that their dogs were the best dogs. He told them that his dogs could catch any coon. So they challenged him thinking that they were going to get five dollars out of him.

Apert Syndrome :: essays research papers fc

Apert Syndrome (AKA Alport syndrome) is a genetic defect which can be inherited from a parent who has Apert or a fresh mutation. It falls under the broad classification of craniofacial/limb anomalies. Approximately 1 per 160,000 to 200,000 live births inherit it. Some symptoms that Apert sufferers have are various heart defects, ear infections, severe acne, increased incidence of eye injuries, and many more. The skull is prematurely fused and unable to grow normally, and the fingers and toes are fused together in varying degrees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If your child gets Apert Syndrome they may have many physical defects as well as a few other problems such as slower learning, a cleft palate, vision problems, and problems with acne during puberty. I don’t think Apert Syndrome children die, expecially because you can pass Apert through genetics. A child with Apert Syndrome could live a pretty normal life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mutation which causes Apert Syndrome is found on chromosome number 10 called Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2). You have two copies of this gene, one from the mother, one from the father, which is composed of a string of about 2000 of the chemical building blocks that make up the genetic material called DNA. When Apert Syndrome occurs, just one particular building block in one of these two gene copies has been exchanged for another. The other gene is entirely normal. The one tiny change in FGFR2 results in the physical features of Apert Syndrome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no link between anything the mother does or doesn’t do during her pregnancy to cause Apert. Doctors believe Apert Syndrome occurs when a gene mutates early in the pregnancy. The chances of having a second child with Apert are almost non-existent. However if one parent has Apert Syndrome there is a 50% chance that their child will also have Apert Syndrome. And studies have shown that Apert occurs more often to babies with older fathers.

My First Court Case Viewing-Civil: Small Claims Essay

On the 24th of August 2007, I, with the permission of the prosecution, defence and of course the judge was given the opportunity to quietly observe a civil small claims court case (court 5) at Bromley County Court. This trial had been an ongoing stalemate for a few months; however I luckily was present on the judgement day. Upon arrival the waiting room was busy since there were other more serious court cases going on. The Prosecution, Mr. Austridge, representing himself (accompanied by his wife) was hired by the defence, Ms. Dudley (accompanied by her dad) and a lawyer, Mr. Jones to extend her house however due to a series of poor decisions and errors in workmanship, Dudley terminated the building contract, with her house left incomplete in a state troublesome to herself and her neighbour. Mr. Austridge was prosecuting her on account of his realisation he had been underpaid approximately  £2000. The sequence of events: -Ms. Dudley hired Mr. Austridge to extend her house, consisting of an extension of the kitchen, extension of the porch and a new ensuite bathroom for her bedroom. -Initially Mr Austridge received very inaccurate drawings from Ms Dudley however, he chose to use them anyway and build to her very erroneous specifications. -Mr. Austridge gave Ms Dudley an initial rough estimate of the project which she eventually agreed to after a gradually haggling to a lower value. Furthermore Mr. Austridge didn’t include the duration of the extension due to the fact that the time for this type of extension varies greatly due to the typical British weather and also the number of people there, nevertheless Ms. Dudley hired them and they started on the construction. -After 8 weeks the construction was moving smoothly, with most of the groundwork complete. Dudley showed her satisfaction of the job by occasionally congratulating the builders. A week prior to this Dudley moved to her parent’s house without stating a reason. In fact reason for her leave was that she was allergic to dust but the judge was keen to see whether she brought it to Mr. Austridge’s attention it was unclear for my stay. -2 weeks later Mr. Austridge went on holiday with his family to Cornwall for a 1 week stay; however it was extended by a week due to the fact there was a â€Å"hurricane† making it unsafe to return, Ms. Dudley grudgingly sympathised and didn’t make an issue of it. – Mr. Austridge returns and immediately commits himself to the construction. 2 weeks later Ms. Dudley returned and started complaining that the porch was done wrong, and one of the windows was made of the wrong material. The kitchen was an issue because he made the kitchen in 2 parts one being in the extension and she was upset because in order to make it even he raised the ground. She then again asked for a reduction in price for the errors plus for general saving of money and Austridge agreed and put less plug sockets, bulb sockets for the room. – Due to heavy rain and the incomplete roof gutter (due to the extension) it overflowed into her neighbour’s garden leaving it a mess. – Ms. Dudley terminates the contract, and Austridge requests a meeting with her, she claims that the work took to long and the workmanship was horrendous for the price. – Mr. Austridge takes Dudley to court for inadequate payment in order to pay his team. In my viewing Austridge stated that he reduced the payment in a very lenient way and that he was shocked that Dudley was so abrupt in terminating the contract, despite him stating the construction would have only lasted another week and then later contradicting himself saying it would only take a day. Ms. Dudley strangely left her family in hardship by terminating the contract, she apparently told Austridge about the dust allergy but he denied it immediately. Her dad apparently checked the house everyday and said that he was confident that there was nobody occupying it for large periods of time while she was at her parents. Though not mentioning it to Austridge she said moving was extremely inconvenient and her disabled mother made it a greater ordeal for her. Dudley believes she was the one who should have been compensated and helping her neighbour who had also been adversely affected. Mr. Jones gave me the impression that he was there to stall time as most of his points/contradictions were facts and figures which just hindered the case and Austridge did an excellent job of contradiction Mr. Jones’ which were backed by insufficient evidence meanwhile Mr. Austridge with stacks of paper work to back his points. The judge was forced to recap the events when we went there which she found was futile so she therefore put her foot down and decided to make her decision on the same day. I left before the final decision but I was given the impression it was a very cache 22 situation. Ms. Dudley believing if anything she overpaid and Mr. Austridge thinking he was underpaid. If I was given the opportunity to reach a verdict, from what I deduced, I think that Austridge had a much more powerful, believable case it was clear he was being too much of a nice guy when he reduced the price so willingly and considering Ms. Dudley made the regrettable decision of cancelling the contract, it is still affecting other members of her family and her neighbour, she got the bad end of the stick because of an atrocious decision. Mr. Austridge couldn’t avoid the out of the blue decision and therefore should have been paid for his work.

Heuristics and Biased Essay

Daniel Kahneman along side of Amos Tversky revolutionized inquiry on human judging. They conceptualized the idea of the heuristics and biases program that judgment under uncertainty a good deal rests on a limited turn of simplifying heuristics rather than extensive algorithmic bear upon. Gigerenzer criticized Kehneman and Tverskys inquiry stating that humans are capable of processing more complex algorithms than what Kehneman and Tversky were giving court to.Thus a debate of what the cognitive competency is and the deviations mingled with prescriptive models and positive human cogitate has been called into question by casting doubt on the rightness of the normative models utilize to evaluate performance, a form of the reject-the-norm strategy. It has been noted the Panglossians, exclusively routined the reject the-norm-application strategy to eliminate gaps between descriptive models of performance and normative models.When this lineament of critique is employed, the normative model that is suggested as a substitute for the wholeness traditionally used in the heuristics and biases literature is one that coincides perfectly with the descriptive model of the subjects performance, thus preserving a view of human reasoning and rationale as ideal. Gigerenzer urged that the cognitively capacity is in concomitant more than this. Gigerenzer urged that thither is sufficient evidence for the worldly concern of both types of processing in Human reasoning, ratiocination making, and social cognition.One type fast, automatic, effortless, and non-conscious, the former(a) slow, controlled, effortful, and conscious, which whitethorn deliver antithetical and approximately(prenominal)times conflicting results. More recently, some cognitive psychologists piddle proposed ambitious theories of cognitive architecture, agree to which humans possess dickens unequivocal reasoning systems, almost two Minds, cognise as dodge 1 and governance 2. A composite characterization of the two systems runs as follows.System 1thinking, one relies heavily on a number of heuristics (cognitive maneuvers), hear situational characteristics, readily associated ideas, and vivid memories to arrive quickly and confidently at a judgment. System 1 thinking is particularly subservient in familiar situations when time is utterly and immediate action is required. System 2 is more recent, and its processes are slow, controlled, effortful, conscious, serial, shaped by culture and formal tuition, demanding of working entrepot and related to general intelligence.It is reasoning base on what we have learned through and through careful analysis, evaluation, explanation, and elf-correction. This is the system which values keen honesty, analytically anticipating what happens next, maturity of judgment, fair-mindedness, elimination of biases, and truth-seeking In addition, it is often claimed that the two systems employ different procedures and parcel out di fferent goals, with System 1 organism highly contextualized, associative, heuristic, and directed to goals that serve the reproductive interests of our genes, and System 2 being decontextualized, rule-governed, analytic, and serving our goals as individuals.This is a truly strong hypothesis, and theorists are already recognizing that it requires developed qualification and complication. Gigerenzer is not denying that normatives appropriate for honest case judgments exist, but rather expostulates that the existence and the nature of such normative have been imperiously assumed by the heuristics and biases literature. Gigerenzer argues that some of the biases identified by Kahneman and Tversky are unstable, in the sense that for example in some cases their magnitude can be well reduced by asking questions in call of frequencies rather than in terms of probabilities.Second, on a methodological systemal level, Gigerenzer argues that, because Kahneman and Tverskys heuristics are for mulated by heart of vague, theoretical terms like representativeness, the charm to these heuristics as generators of biases has limited explanatory index finger Gigerenzer advocates instead an increasing emphasis on investigating the cognitive processes that underlie judgment under uncertainty.Third, on a normative level, Gigerenzer argues that it may be inappropriate to dispose some of the biases identified by Kahneman and Tversky as errors or fallacies. Gigerenzers reason for objecting to the use of the term bias Gigerenzer argues that Kahneman and Tversky may be comparing the performance of the participants in their experiments with improper normatives.Many critics have insisted that in fact it is Kahneman & Tversky, not their subjects, who have failed to grasp the logic of the problem. Or that if a fallacy is snarled it is probably more attributable to the researchers than to the subjects. When everyday people reject the answers given by normative theories, they may do so out of ignorance and lack of expertise, or they may be signaling the fact that the normative theory is inadequate.